Background: CELL ENCAPSULATION is a method of entrapping CELLs in a semi-permeable polymer that allows influx of oxygen and nutrients, but effectively avoids immune CELLs and antibodies from reaching the graft, preventing rejection. Since the invention of CELL ENCAPSULATION technology, many researchers bet on this biotechnology as a promising alternative to protect encapsulated CELLs from host immune response. The main purpose of technology is to solve the existing problem of transplant rejection and thus decrease the necessity of long-term use of immunosuppressant drugs after an organ transplant to reduce adverse effects. We carried out a search of published literature to review current information regarding CELL ENCAPSULATION technology and how this technology could improve CELL and drug delivery for therapeutic applications.Methods: A computer-based literature search was performed using PubMed for relevant publications. Only English-language papers were considered.Findings: Current concepts of CELL ENCAPSULATION technology including a historical perspective, its application for the treatment of diseases, research findings, and important parameters involved in this technique were discussed.Conclusion: Different features of this technique would allow widening the applications from drug delivery to CELL delivery. In this way, enclosed CELLs work as customized factories, synthesizing and releasing the desired therapeutic factor. Looking forward to the future, this technology is expected to evolve significantly. The substantial potential of CELL ENCAPSULATION has increased with the boom in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) belonging to the Asteraceae family and known for its valuable secondary metabolite, silymarin. In order to get the CELL suspension culture of Silybum marianum, the combination of 2,4-D and BAP hormones each with five different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 2 and 5 mg/L) and 3 different seedling explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl and root) was used to callus formation. High-quality callus was observed in eight different of hormone-explant combinations. Successful CELL suspension culture was achieved only by using callus created from cotyledon explants treated with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 5 mg/L BAP. Furthermore, the study examined the effects of 2% and 4% Serendipita indica CELL wall extract as an elicitor on silymarin production in CELL suspension culture at three different inoculation times (24, 48, and 72 h). After 48 h of inoculation with 2% fungal extract, the highest level of silymarin (199 ppm) was observed, which was significantly different from the control (46 ppm). The silymarin content of CELLs increased over time through elicitation with 4% fungal elicitor, while no similar pattern was observed with 2% fungal extract. Based on the results, the CELL wall of S. indica can significantly enhance the amount of SLM in the CELL suspension culture of S. marianum.

Zinc has an important role in skin health and its deficiency reduces immunity to evaluate levels of zinc in squamous CELL carcinoma (SCC) and basal CELL carcinoma (BCC) of skin, we studied 44 BCC and 38 SCC cases together with 33 controls. Blood samples were taken and after separation of serum, levels of zinc, albumin and total protein were measured by atomic absorption albumin kit and reflectometer consecutively. Serum globulin levels were estimated by subtracting albumin from total protein levels. Zinc levels were significantly lower in cancer cases than control (P<0.001). Mean serum albumin of BCC cases was significantly more than controls (P<0.01), but in BCC cases was not significantly different. Significant correlations were seen between levels of serum zinc and albumin of SCC (r=0.507, P<0.01) and BCC(r=0.43, P<0.01) patients and controls(r=0.35,P<0.01). Mean globulin levels in cancer cases were significantly lower than control group (P<0.01).We concluded that serum zinc and globulin levels decrease in BCC and SCC of skin.